Which instruction pertains to Preparing, Maintaining, and Submitting the Ship's Deck Log?

The instruction that pertains to preparing, maintaining, and submitting the Ship's Deck Log is OPNAVINST 3100.7. This instruction provides guidelines and procedures for documenting the operational activities of a ship through the deck log, ensuring that all significant events, movements, and operations are accurately recorded. The deck log is a critical document that serves as an official record of the ship's status and actions, which may be referenced for various purposes, including investigations and historical records.

Other options, while they may relate to different aspects of naval operations or safety, do not specifically address the requirements and procedures for managing the deck log. OPNAVINST 3120.32, for example, deals with surface force standards and watch teams rather than deck log specifics, while BUSHINST 5100.8B and BUSHINST 5090.1 focus on safety and environmental protection policies, respectively. Therefore, OPNAVINST 3100.7 is directly relevant to the responsibilities of the Petty Officer of the Watch concerning log management, making it the correct answer.